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| miscellaneous
families, pending webpages for each family continuous
additions and expansions.. |
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| Pomacanthus arcuatus
larva, |
| 8.2 mm SL |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB86-419) |
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| Diagnosis:
Angelfish with a modal dorsal fin ray count of D-IX,32
indicates Pomacanthus arcuatus. The related species
P. paru has a modal fin ray count of D-X,30. (U)
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| Description:
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| Tomicodon sp. A, |
| 5.5 mm SL |
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A-8 P25) |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB86-627) |
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| Diagnosis:
A clingfish with no patches of papillae within the
pelvic disk and no prominences on the front of the
lower jaw indicates the genus Tomicodon
spp. This larval type has a mode of 8 dorsal
and 8 anal fin rays, 25 pectoral fin rays, and 10
caudal fin rays. A number of species have recently
been described from the Caribbean in addition to
the classic T. fasciatus
((D-7-9 A-6-9 P20-22 C8): T. briggsi, T. clarkei,
T. cryptus, T. lavettsmithi, T. leurodiscus, T.
reitzae (D-7-9 A-7-10 C8), T. rhabdotus (D-8-9 A-6-8)
and T. rupestris (D-7-10 A-6-9).
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| Description:
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Acyrtus
artius Acyrtus rubiginosus Acyrtus pauciradiatus
(Noronha, Brazil D-7-8 A-6-8 P20-22)
Acyrtops beryllinus
Arcos macrophthalmus (D-7-8 A-6-7 P23-25
C10)
Gobiesox lucayanus
(P24-26) Gobiesox nudus (D-8-9 A-7)
Gobiesox punctulatus
(P21(19-22) C7-9)
Gobiesox strumosus
(D-10-13 A-9-11 P22-26 C11-13) |
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| Opistognathus whitehursti
larva, |
| 7.9 mm SL |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB86-1002) |
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| Opistognathus whitehursti
larva, |
| 8.0 mm SL |
(note eye tilted forward,
D-X,
14 A-III,13 P-19) |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB87-225) |
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| Jawfishes are morphologically
very similar and fin ray counts broadly overlap,
making species identifications more difficult. The
issue of two vs. three anal fin spines is confused
in the literature, where the use of the term "usually"
implies a significant number of two-spined individuals
in three-spined species. Fin ray counts on larvae
argue that two spined larval types should not automatically
be assigned to O. gilberti.
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Opistognathus aurifrons
11,15-16 III,15-16 19-20
O. whitehurstii 11,14-15 III,13-14 18-20
O. macrognathus 11,16 III,16 19-21
O. maxillosus 11,15 III,15 20-21 usu. II?
O. signatus deep 10 - 11,16 – 17
2 – 3,16–17
O. gilberti 11,13 II,13-14 17-19
O. robinsi fla bahamas 11,17 2-3,16-18
18-21
O. lonchurus 11,12-13 III,12-13 18-20
Lonchopisthus micrognathus 11,17-18 III,16-17
16-19
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| Diagnosis:
A jawfish with fin ray counts of D-XI,14 A-II,13
Pect-18 indicates Opistognathus
whitehursti. The fin ray count overlaps the
range of O. gilberti
(and fits the two anal spines characteristic
of O. gilberti),
but that species almost always has 13 dorsal fin
soft rays. The possibility of a significant number
of individuals with two anal fin spines in the other
species indicates that this larval type is likely
the locally very common jawfish O.
whitehursti.
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| Description:
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| Bregmaceros atlanticus
larva, |
| 9.9 mm SL |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB86-1001) |
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| Bregmaceros atlanticus
larva, |
| 9.8 mm SL |
| (San Blas, Panama, SB86-1001) |
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| Not a reef fish,
but their larvae and juveniles are frequently encountered
in the waters over reefs.
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| Diagnosis:
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| Description:
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| Centropomus undecimalis
larva, |
| 7.1 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-1001) |
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| Centropomus undecimalis
larva, |
| 6.0 mm SL |
| (internal
melanophores) |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-814) |
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| Centropomus undecimalis
larva, |
| 6.5 mm SL |
| (internal
melanophores) |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-826) |
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| Centropomus undecimalis
larva, |
| 7.0 mm SL |
| (internal
vertebral melanophores) |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-822) |
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| Diagnosis:
Snook with modal fin ray counts of D-VIII,I,10 and
A-III,6 indicate the common snook Centropomus undecimalis
along with C. ensiferus
and C. parallelus. According to the FAO monograph
C. mexicanus and C.
poeyi usually have nine dorsal fin soft rays
(and C. poeyi
is only recorded from Mexico to Belize). The sixth
Caribbean species, C.
pectinatus, has a mode of seven soft anal
fin rays and 14 instead of 15-16 pectoral fin rays.
It is likely that DNA sequencing will be necessary
to distinguish the larvae of species that share
fin ray counts. (U)
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| Two
basic forms of larvae occur, one with prominent
internal melanophores wrapping around the vertebrae
at the posterior body and the other without that
row. |
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| Description:
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| Haemulid type 2 larva,
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| 5.5 mm SL |
| (internal
melanophores) |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-702) |
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| Diagnosis:
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| Description:
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| Diagnosis:
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| Astrapogon puncticulatus
larva, |
| 9.2 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB84-523) |
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| Diagnosis:
Cardinalfish with 14-16 pectoral rays indicate the
genus Astrapogon. A.
puncticulatus has 16 pectoral rays, while
A. alutus has 14 pectoral rays and
A. stellatus almost always has 15 pectoral
rays. (U)
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| Description:
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| Eucinostomus sp.
larva, |
| 5.6 and 4.6 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB86-809) |
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| Eucinostomus sp.
larva, |
| 7.4 mm SL |
(early
development of spinous dorsal
fin membrane melanophores) |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB84-529) |
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| Eucinostomus sp.
larva, |
| 5.9 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB87-121) |
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| Diagnosis:
Many Caribbean mojarras share the basic fin ray
counts of D-IX,10 A-III,7 (or II,8, i.e. ten anal
fin elements) and separating genera and species
can be difficult. Larvae and juveniles typically
have the third element of the anal fin segmented
(and not branched in all?). There are seven very
similar-appearing Eucinostomus
spp: E. argenteus, E. gula, E. harengulus, E. havana,
E. jonesii, E. lefroyi, E. melanopterus. Gerres
cinereus has a much wider body as an adult,
and this feature may apply to larvae. The other
two Atlantic genera have eleven anal fin elements:
Diapterus auratus
(A-III,8; or II,9 in larvae) and D.
rhombeus (A-II-9), and Eugerres
brasilianus, E. plumieri, and E. mexicanus
from freshwater in Mexico and Guatemala.
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| Description:
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| Trachinotus falcatus
larva, |
| 7.9 mm SL |
| (Florida,
5-3-04) |
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| Diagnosis:
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| Description:
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| Scorpaena sp. early
transitional larva, |
| 6.6 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB84-517) |
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| Scorpaena sp. transitional
larva, |
| 6.5 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB83-179) |
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| Diagnosis:
Modal fin ray counts of D-XII,9 A-III,5 indicate
the genus Scorpaena. There are a number of very
similar species in the Caribbean that share fin
counts. S. plumieri
is the most common on reefs, but S.
albifimbria, S. bergi, S. brasiliensis, S. calcarata,
S. grandicornis, and S. isthmensis are among
the shallow-water species that cannot be excluded.
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| Thunnus albacares
larva, |
| 5.2 mm SL |
| (San Blas,
Panama, SB84-527a) |
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| Diagnosis:
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| Description:
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All contents © copyright 2006-2013
All rights reserved
www.coralreeffish.com by Benjamin
Victor
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